Antiexplosive means with great turbulence for explosion motors



Dec. 2, 1930. A. A. A. DARCHE 1,783,603

ANTIEXPLOSIVE MEANS WITH GREAT TURBULENCE FOR EXPLOSION MOTORS Filed April 13, 1928 Patented Dec. 2, 1930 i p i UNITED STATES.) PATENT}: OFFICE ALBERT ALEXANDRE AUGUSTIN DARGHE, F ALGIERS, ALGERIA I ANTIEXPLOSIVE MEANS WITH. GREAT TUsBULEnoE FOR EXPLOSION MOTORS Application filed April 13, 1928, Serial No. 269,839, and in France April 16, 1927.

One knows that from the double point of cylinder head and the piston, establishing view of power and output in explosion motors communication between said chamber and the the shape and arrangement which the combuscylinder, that portion of the said chamber tion chamber has is of a capital importance. which is immediately above the correspond- A predominant value has for a long time ing side of the cylinder being obturated by the 55 been given to the relation between the gaseous projection to such an extent as to cause a promass contained in the chamber andthe surnounced increase of the speed of the gases face cont-act with the walls thereof, experiflowing from the cylinder over the projection ments on turbulence and the explosion wave into the ignition chamber, and so that the turhaving precised the question and introduced bulence of the gases produced in the said 60 new elements of consideration. chamber is greatlyincreased at the very in- The explosion chamber must permit of a stant of ignition. rapid combustion by means of a quick turbu- The space left between the bottom of the lence but without there being, in order to procylinder and the piston at its dead point will duce this, an exaggerationof the speed of be as much reduced as mechanical construc- 65 passage through the inlet valve which would tive needs permit. Consequently, practically affect the coefficient of filling and the power limited to the lateral cover viz. the valvedeveloped. chamber, the explosion chamber can have a Without engendering explosive waves, in suitable shape reducing the distance of the order to improve the output a degree of comignition point to the extreme parts, and like- 70 pression, as high as possible,1nust be'obtained. wise reducing the risk of explosion. The The limit admissible in each case can-be clearsame result will be aimed at by the turbulence ly put back by a udicious realization of the produced, which disseminating the flame rap- I combustion chamber. idly in all directions, will still diminish its It appears particularly interesting to be possible length of travel through the fresh 5 able to obtain the double result previously gases. referred to by the use of lateral covers viz. At the return of the gas piston the inverse the valve-chambers without having recourse passage at high speed, of the gases from to mechanical complications of overhead the chamber of explosion to the cylinder valves with rockers. through a limitedsection will maintain the 30 The present invention, which proposes to turbulence, will complete, it need be, the comaim at this result, is based firstly on the conbustion and will permit, on the other hand, sideration that from the point of view of the the instantaneous ignition of the gaseous film combustion the molecular turbulence presents remaining between the bottom of the cylinder itsfull utility only at the-end of the compresand the piston.

sion stroke and particularly onward from the The circulation of the inflamed jet at high ignition when the flame must be spread rapidspeed takes place across and approximately 1y illtl e 5- parallel to the inner end piston and hence In accordance with the present invention, avoids for the latter the blow pipe effects the piston is provided at its inner endon the which a perpendicular projection might proside opposed to the valve and ignition chamduce. Also the carbon deposits will be her of the cylinder head with a vertical upburnt, in proportion as they appear.

' wardly extending boss or projection of such 1* or a compression of usual value and in size as to nearly fill that portion of said valve the case of a normal mixture, such a rapid and ignition chamber which is entered by said combustion could be provided that it would projection at the end of the instroke of the be suficient for the ignition to have a very piston, and the said portion of the said chamreduced advance for large variations of the her corresponds in profile with the said prospeed of rotation jec-tion, so that at the end of the instroke of the In the accompanying drawings piston only a narrow space exists between the Figure 1 is a vertical transverse sectiona has its major portion out of line with and extending laterally from one side of the cylinder and has an extension or arm which extends part way across and is in communication with the cylinder. The piston projection 12 is of such size as to nearly fill said chamber extension at the instroke of the piston,

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but is somewhat less in height and width than said chamber extension, so that when the piston is at the inner end of its stroke a narrow tortuous passage 1) is formed between the piston with its projection 12 and .the cylinder head and inner face of the wall of the chamher 15. Hence the speed of the gases flowing along and across the projection 12 and from the inner end of the cylinder is greatly increased and the gases are forced into the chamber 16 in a state of turbulent agitation, which extends throughout the entire volume of the gases and at the instant of ignition. At the beginning of the outstroke of the piston the expansion begins, and inflamed gases are forced at great speed, under pressure, into the lateral extension 15 of the chamber, hence prolonging the speed of turbulence. The combustion of unburned gases will now be rapidly caused, with beneficial efiect on the power and output of the engine.

Toward the end of the movement of the piston this prolongation 12 engages the transverse section a-b establishing the communication in jackets ricardo between the cylinder and the space forming the chamber of combustion.

The result is a partial obturation of this section, producing the first acceleration of the speed of the gases along the vertical border V of the prolongation 12.

On the other hand, the progressive obturation of the section bc establishing the communication between the chamber of combustion 16 (which volume is reduced to the one of the cupola) and the cylinder increases still the speed of the gases and hence the turbulence produced in the chamber itself of combustion, toward the moment of ignition.

The combustion of the mixture is effected very rapidly inthe chamber 16 but the explosion pressure will be established only progressively above the prolongation 12 at first and then above the whole upper surface of the piston, whereby the explosion shock upon diiierent moving elements will be reduced.

13 is a spark plug.

M is the admission or exhaust valve.

On the whole, the invention proposes in the most general way a device assuring a great turbulence and antiexplosion for motors with the lateral cover or cupola, whether the usual one or in the kind of ricardo or in a derived form. The antiexplosion condition will be the better fulfilled the smaller is the volume of the cupola. In order to avoid too a great increase of the ratio of compression, it is possible to introduce, during the suction period one cylinder volume only at a final diminished pressure, producing, overmore, a prolonged expansion. This method could be combined usefully with the other arrangements provided by the invention.

The figures representing only schematical views, their relative dimensions are given only in the way of simple indication.

The invention permits, within the scope of the main inventional idea, different modifications.

What I claim, is

In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a head provided with an ignition and valve chamber, the major portion of which is out of line with and extends laterally from oneside of the cylinder and which chamber has an extension part way across and in communication with the cylinder, and a piston in the cylinder having at one side, at its inner end, a projection adapted to enter and nearly fill said extension of said chamber and hence force combus tion gases from said extension into the major portion of said chamber at the end of the instroke of the piston, the length and width of'said projection being slightly less than the corresponding dimensions of said chamber extension and the opposing localized surfaces of said projection and the said chamber extension being substantially parallel, so that at complete instroke position of the piston a narrow tortuous passage is formed between the cylinder and the chamber to cause turbulent agitation of the gases at the instant of ignition.

In witness whereof I affix my signature.

ALBERT ALEXANDRE AUGUSTIN DARCHE. 

